Texto em Ingl\u00eas e Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o – Concurso Senado Federal<\/p>\n
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Preparei essa tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de texto especialmente para aqueles que est\u00e3o se preparando para o concurso do Senado Federal e tamb\u00e9m da C\u00e2mara dos Deputados, por causa do vocabul\u00e1rio pertinente. Mas, independente disso, ele \u00e9 \u00fatil para qualquer outro concurso que voc\u00ea for fazer. Para acessar o curso de L\u00edngua Inglesa para o Senado Federal clique aqui.<\/strong> <\/a>Se voc\u00ea \u00e9 iniciante em Ingl\u00eas ou n\u00e3o sabe ainda que banca vai elaborar seu concurso, indico o Curso Regular de Ingl\u00eas: clique aqui<\/strong><\/a>. Para checar os outros cursos de Ingl\u00eas que ministro, clique aqui.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Abra\u00e7os e bons estudos,<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Prof. Ena Smith<\/strong><\/p>\n Periscope:@englishclasses<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Partying on a precipice<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n The holiday provides no respite from economic and political woe<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Jan 30th<\/sup>, 2016<\/p>\n JANUARY is a languid month in Brazil. Beyond the hullabaloo at samba schools\u2014practising for their bawdy annual face-off during Carnival, which starts on February 5th\u2014business pauses while Brazilians go on holiday in the scorching southern summer. Fewer cars clog streets; more bodies throng the beaches.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Politicians customarily switch off along with everyone else. Congressmen return from their Christmas break on February 2nd, but will probably do little until after Mardi Gras a week later. Neither they nor the president, Dilma Rousseff, will be able to relax, though. A frightening mosquito-borne disease has put the health authorities on high alert (see page 42). Meanwhile, Brazil\u2019s political and economic crises are deepening. When politicians return to work they may regret the time they took off from attempting to solve them.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The economic slide continues. The number of jobs in the formal sector fell by 1.5m in 2015, the fastest pace of job destruction since comparable records began in 1992. Another 1m could be lost this year, analysts reckon. Sales of vehicles dropped by a fifth last year. The IMF now predicts that GDP will shrink by 3.5% in 2016, more than three times as much as it expected in October. Despite the recession, inflation has risen to nearly 11%, its highest level since 2002.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Male breadwinners make up a higher proportion of the newly unemployed than in previous downturns, which mainly affected female and young workers, notes Naercio Menezes of Insper, a university in S\u00e3o Paulo. That means that the hardship caused by the current recession will be greater. For the relatively young, joblessness is a novelty. Many entered the formal labour market during the commodity boom of 2003-13. No one knows how they will react to their misfortune, warns Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a former Brazilian president who is also a sociologist.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n As misery grows, the government\u2019s capacity to tackle its causes is diminishing. Prosecutors investigating the vast bribery scandal centred on Petrobras, the state-controlled oil-and-gas giant, are expected to file additional charges against senior figures in Ms Rousseff\u2019s Workers\u2019 Party (PT), which has already been badly tarnished by the affair. An even bigger worry for Ms Rousseff is the threat of impeachment against her on unrelated allegations that she assented to the use of accounting tricks to hide the true size of Brazil\u2019s fiscal deficit.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Her weakness makes her more dependent on the goodwill of the PT and trade unions aligned with it, which are viscerally opposed to the reforms needed to steady the economy. This month Ms Rousseff dared to acknowledge that Brazilians retire too early (at 55 for men, on average). In effect she admitted that the government cannot stabilise its finances if it continues to devote 40% of (non-interest) spending to pensions. But she backtracked in the face of resistance from her party and the unions. Raising the retirement age would be unacceptable, declared the PT this week.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This will make it much harder for Nelson Barbosa, the newly appointed finance minister, to contain the budget deficit, which is close to 10% of GDP. His main idea is to reintroduce a financial-transactions tax, which is loathed by business but popular among Ms Rousseff\u2019s left-wing allies. But this would raise just 10 billion reais ($2.5 billion) in extra revenue, a fraction of net government borrowing, expected to be 500 billion reais this year. Ms Rousseff wants to summon back a council of wise men and women, which she disbanded during her first term, to suggest reforms. That looks like a delaying tactic.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n While fiscal policy wobbles, economists are starting to fret about monetary policy, too. After weeks of hinting that it would raise interest rates to fight inflation, the Central Bank decided on January 20th to hold them steady at 14.25%. The decision may have been justified: higher rates would weaken the economy further and make it still harder to control the fiscal deficit. But it looked like a surrender to political pressure. The Central Bank\u2019s president, Alexandre Tombini, met Ms Rousseff two days before the interest-rate decision. Then he foreshadowed the bank\u2019s U-turn by pointing to the IMF\u2019s gloomier predictions of Brazilian and global growth, which by that point should have been no surprise. Rather than shoring up Brazil\u2019s financial credibility, the Central Bank thus damaged it all the more.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n There is little prospect that congressmen will take measures to repair it when they return to work. Those who are pushing for Ms Rousseff\u2019s impeachment concede privately that they are unlikely to muster the two-thirds majority needed in the lower house to send the motion to the Senate. But they plan to drag out the proceeding as long as the (vague) legal deadlines permit. That will accomplish their goal of undermining the president. It will do nothing to buck up Brazil.<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/americas\/21689617-holiday-provides-no-respite-economic-and-political-woe-partying-precipice<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Translation<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Partying on a precipice<\/strong><\/p>\n Festejando em um precip\u00edcio<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n The holiday provides no respite from economic and political woe<\/strong><\/p>\n O feriado n\u00e3o d\u00e1 pausa da desgra\u00e7a econ\u00f3mica e pol\u00edtica<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Jan 30th<\/sup>, 2016<\/p>\n 30 de Janeiro de 2016<\/span><\/p>\n JANUARY is a languid month in Brazil. Beyond the hullabaloo at samba schools\u2014practising for their bawdy annual face-off during Carnival, which starts on February 5th\u2014business pauses while Brazilians go on holiday in the scorching southern summer. Fewer cars clog streets; more bodies throng the beaches.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Janeiro \u00e9 um m\u00eas l\u00e2nguido no Brasil. Al\u00e9m do tumulto em escolas de samba-praticando para seu picante confronto anual durante o Carnaval, que come\u00e7a em 5 de fevereiro \u2013 que indica pausas nos neg\u00f3cios, enquanto os brasileiros curtem f\u00e9rias no ver\u00e3o escaldante do sul. Menos carros entopem as ruas; mais corpos lotam as praias.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Politicians customarily switch off along with everyone else. Congressmen return from their Christmas break on February 2nd, but will probably do little until after Mardi Gras a week later. Neither they nor the president, Dilma Rousseff, will be able to relax, though. A frightening mosquito-borne disease has put the health authorities on high alert (see page 42). Meanwhile, Brazil\u2019s political and economic crises are deepening. When politicians return to work they may regret the time they took off from attempting to solve them.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Os pol\u00edticos costumam se desligar juntamente com todos os outros. Os deputados retornam de suas f\u00e9rias de Natal em 2 de fevereiro, mas provavelmente trabalhar\u00e3o pouco at\u00e9 depois do carnaval, uma semana mais tarde. Mas, nem eles nem a presidente, Dilma Rousseff, ser\u00e3o capazes de relaxar. A doen\u00e7a transmitida por um mosquito assustador colocou as autoridades de sa\u00fade em alerta m\u00e1ximo. Enquanto isso, as crises pol\u00edticas e econ\u00f4micas do Brasil est\u00e3o se aprofundando. Quando os pol\u00edticos retornarem ao trabalho pode ser que\u00a0 lamentem o tempo que tiraram de folga para n\u00e3o tentar resolver os problemas.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The economic slide continues. The number of jobs in the formal sector fell by 1.5m in 2015, the fastest pace of job destruction since comparable records began in 1992. Another 1m could be lost this year, analysts reckon. Sales of vehicles dropped by a fifth last year. The IMF now predicts that GDP will shrink by 3.5% in 2016, more than three times as much as it expected in October. Despite the recession, inflation has risen to nearly 11%, its highest level since 2002.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O decl\u00ednio econ\u00f4mico continua. O n\u00famero de empregos no setor formal caiu 1,5 milh\u00f5es em 2015, o ritmo mais r\u00e1pido de destrui\u00e7\u00e3o de emprego desde que os registros compar\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bcome\u00e7aram em 1992. Os analistas calculam que mais \u00a0de 1 milh\u00e3o podem ser perdidos este ano. As vendas de ve\u00edculos ca\u00edram em um quinto no ano passado. O FMI prev\u00ea agora que o PIB vai encolher 3,5% em 2016, mais de tr\u00eas vezes mais do que \u00e9 esperado em outubro. Apesar da recess\u00e3o, a infla\u00e7\u00e3o aumentou para quase 11%, seu n\u00edvel mais alto desde 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Male breadwinners make up a higher proportion of the newly unemployed than in previous downturns, which mainly affected female and young workers, notes Naercio Menezes of Insper, a university in S\u00e3o Paulo. That means that the hardship caused by the current recession will be greater. For the relatively young, joblessness is a novelty. Many entered the formal labour market during the commodity boom of 2003-13. No one knows how they will react to their misfortune, warns Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a former Brazilian president who is also a sociologist.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Os chefes de fam\u00edlia do sexo masculino constituem uma maior propor\u00e7\u00e3o de rec\u00e9m-desempregados do que em crises anteriores, o que afetou principalmente as mulheres e jovens trabalhadores, observa Naercio Menezes do Insper, uma universidade em S\u00e3o Paulo. Isso significa que as dificuldades causadas pela recess\u00e3o atual ser\u00e3o maiores. Para os relativamente jovens, o desemprego \u00e9 uma novidade. Muitos entraram no mercado de trabalho formal durante o boom de commodities de 2003 a 2013. Ningu\u00e9m sabe como eles v\u00e3o reagir ao seu infort\u00fanio, avisa Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ex-presidente do Brasil, que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 um soci\u00f3logo.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n As misery grows, the government\u2019s capacity to tackle its causes is diminishing. Prosecutors investigating the vast bribery scandal centred on Petrobras, the state-controlled oil-and-gas giant, are expected to file additional charges against senior figures in Ms Rousseff\u2019s Workers\u2019 Party (PT), which has already been badly tarnished by the affair. An even bigger worry for Ms Rousseff is the threat of impeachment against her on unrelated allegations that she assented to the use of accounting tricks to hide the true size of Brazil\u2019s fiscal deficit.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ao passo que a mis\u00e9ria cresce, a capacidade do governo para tratar as suas causas est\u00e1 diminuindo. Os promotores que investigam o grande esc\u00e2ndalo de corrup\u00e7\u00e3o centrada na Petrobras, a gigante do petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s controlada pelo Estado, s\u00e3o esperados para apresentar acusa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais contra figuras importantes do partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) de Dilma Rouseff, que j\u00e1 foi gravemente manchada pelo caso. Uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o ainda maior para Dilma \u00e9 a amea\u00e7a de impeachment contra ela em acusa\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o relacionadas que concordaram com o uso de truques de contabilidade para esconder a verdadeira amplitude do d\u00e9fice fiscal do Brasil.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Her weakness makes her more dependent on the goodwill of the PT and trade unions aligned with it, which are viscerally opposed to the reforms needed to steady the economy. This month Ms Rousseff dared to acknowledge that Brazilians retire too early (at 55 for men, on average). In effect she admitted that the government cannot stabilise its finances if it continues to devote 40% of (non-interest) spending to pensions. But she backtracked in the face of resistance from her party and the unions. Raising the retirement age would be unacceptable, declared the PT this week.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sua fraqueza a torna mais dependente da boa vontade do PT e dos sindicatos alinhados com ele, que s\u00e3o visceralmente contra \u00e0s reformas necess\u00e1rias para estabilizar a economia. Este m\u00eas Dilma Rousseff se atreveu a reconhecer que os brasileiros se aposentam muito cedo (aos 55 anos para os homens, em m\u00e9dia). Com efeito, ela admitiu que o governo n\u00e3o pode estabilizar suas finan\u00e7as se continua a dedicar 40% dos (sem juros) gastos para as pens\u00f5es. Mas ela recuou diante da resist\u00eancia de seu partido e dos sindicatos. A eleva\u00e7\u00e3o da idade de aposentadoria seria inaceit\u00e1vel, declarou o PT esta semana.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This will make it much harder for Nelson Barbosa, the newly appointed finance minister, to contain the budget deficit, which is close to 10% of GDP. His main idea is to reintroduce a financial-transactions tax, which is loathed by business but popular among Ms Rousseff\u2019s left-wing allies. But this would raise just 10 billion reais ($2.5 billion) in extra revenue, a fraction of net government borrowing, expected to be 500 billion reais this year. Ms Rousseff wants to summon back a council of wise men and women, which she disbanded during her first term, to suggest reforms. That looks like a delaying tactic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Isto tornar\u00e1 muito mais dif\u00edcil para Nelson Barbosa, o ministro das Finan\u00e7as rec\u00e9m-nomeado, conter o d\u00e9fice or\u00e7amental, que est\u00e1 perto de 10% do PIB. Sua id\u00e9ia principal \u00e9 reintroduzir um imposto sobre as transa\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras, que \u00e9 detestado pelas empresas, mas popular entre os aliados de esquerda de Dilma Rousseff. Mas isso elevaria apenas 10 bilh\u00f5es de reais (2,5 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares) em receita extra, uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o do endividamento l\u00edquido do governo, que dever\u00e1 ser de 500 bilh\u00f5es de reais este ano. Dilma quer chamar de volta um conselho de homens e mulheres s\u00e1bios, que ela se desfez durante seu primeiro mandato, para sugerir reformas. Que se parece com uma manobra dilat\u00f3ria.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n While fiscal policy wobbles, economists are starting to fret about monetary policy, too. After weeks of hinting that it would raise interest rates to fight inflation, the Central Bank decided on January 20th to hold them steady at 14.25%. The decision may have been justified: higher rates would weaken the economy further and make it still harder to control the fiscal deficit. But it looked like a surrender to political pressure. The Central Bank\u2019s president, Alexandre Tombini, met Ms Rousseff two days before the interest-rate decision. Then he foreshadowed the bank\u2019s U-turn by pointing to the IMF\u2019s gloomier predictions of Brazilian and global growth, which by that point should have been no surprise. Rather than shoring up Brazil\u2019s financial credibility, the Central Bank thus damaged it all the more.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Embora a pol\u00edtica fiscal oscile, os economistas est\u00e3o come\u00e7ando a se preocupar tamb\u00e9m com a pol\u00edtica monet\u00e1ria. Depois de semanas de insinua\u00e7\u00f5es de que iriam elevar as taxas de juros para combater a infla\u00e7\u00e3o, o Banco Central decidiu em 20 de janeiro mant\u00ea-las est\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bem 14,25%. A decis\u00e3o pode ter sido justificada: taxas mais elevadas enfraqueceriam ainda mais a economia e tornaria ainda mais dif\u00edcil de controlar o d\u00e9ficit fiscal. Mas parecia uma rendi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 press\u00e3o pol\u00edtica. O presidente do Banco Central, Alexandre Tombini, reuniu Dilma Rousseff dois dias antes da decis\u00e3o da taxa de juros. Ent\u00e3o ele antecipou a mudan\u00e7a radical do banco, apontando as previs\u00f5es mais pessimistas do FMI de crescimento brasileiro e mundial, que a esse ponto n\u00e3o deveria ter sido nenhuma surpresa. Portanto, em vez de sustentar a credibilidade financeira do Brasil, o Banco Central a estragou ainda mais.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n There is little prospect that congressmen will take measures to repair it when they return to work. Those who are pushing for Ms Rousseff\u2019s impeachment concede privately that they are unlikely to muster the two-thirds majority needed in the lower house to send the motion to the Senate. But they plan to drag out the proceeding as long as the (vague) legal deadlines permit. That will accomplish their goal of undermining the president. It will do nothing to buck up Brazil.<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/americas\/21689617-holiday-provides-no-respite-economic-and-political-woe-partying-precipice<\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u00e1 pouca perspectiva de que os deputados v\u00e3o tomar medidas para reparar isso quando voltarem ao trabalho. Aqueles que est\u00e3o for\u00e7ando o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff admitem reservadamente que eles n\u00e3o s\u00e3o suscept\u00edveis de reunir a maioria de dois ter\u00e7os necess\u00e1ria na C\u00e2mara dos deputados para enviar a proposta ao Senado. Mas eles pretendem prolongar o processo, desde que os prazos legais (vagos) permitam. Isso ir\u00e1 realizar seu objetivo de minar a presidente. Isso n\u00e3o far\u00e1 nada para animar o Brasil.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Texto em Ingl\u00eas e Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o – Concurso Senado Federal Preparei essa tradu\u00e7\u00e3o de texto especialmente para aqueles que est\u00e3o se preparando para o concurso do Senado Federal e tamb\u00e9m da C\u00e2mara dos Deputados, por causa do vocabul\u00e1rio pertinente. Mas, independente disso, ele \u00e9 \u00fatil para qualquer outro concurso que voc\u00ea for fazer. Para acessar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"post_tipo":"article","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1537,1536],"tax_estado":[],"class_list":["post-36119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cursos-e-concursos","tag-curso-de-ingles","tag-senado"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n