Oi pessoal! Tudo bem?<\/p>\n
Seguem os coment\u00e1rios da prova de Ingl\u00eas da PETROBR\u00c1S para o cargo de Engenheiro de Petr\u00f3leo Jr, realizada no dia 08\/04\/18.<\/p>\n
Em princ\u00edpio, n\u00e3o visualizei possibilidade de recurso em nenhuma quest\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
Boa sorte!<\/p>\n
Abra\u00e7os,<\/p>\n
Prof. Marina Marcondes<\/p>\n
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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u00cdNGUA INGLESA<\/strong><\/p>\n Text I <\/strong><\/p>\n Texto 1<\/p>\n Clean energy: Experts outline how governments<\/strong><\/p>\n can successfully invest before it\u2019s too late<\/strong><\/p>\n Energia limpa: especialistas descrevem como os governos<\/p>\n podem investir com sucesso antes que seja tarde demais<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Governments need to give technical experts more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more long-term stability when investing in clean energy, argue researchers in climate change and innovation policy in a new paper published today.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Os governos precisam dar mais autonomia aos especialistas t\u00e9cnicos e manter a calma para fornecer mais estabilidade a longo prazo ao investir em energia limpa, argumentam pesquisadores em mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica e pol\u00edtica de inova\u00e7\u00e3o em um novo documento publicado hoje.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Writing in the journal Nature, the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for investment based on an analysis of the last twenty years of \u201cwhat works\u201d in clean energy research and innovation programs.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Escrevendo na revista Nature<\/em>, os autores das institui\u00e7\u00f5es do Reino Unido e dos EUA definiram diretrizes para investimento com base em uma an\u00e1lise dos \u00faltimos vinte anos de \u201co que funciona\u201d em programas de pesquisa e inova\u00e7\u00e3o em energia limpa.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Their six simple \u201cguiding principles\u201d also include the need to channel innovation into the private sector through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than \u2018quick win\u2019 potential when funding new projects.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Seus seis simples “princ\u00edpios orientadores” tamb\u00e9m incluem a necessidade de direcionar a inova\u00e7\u00e3o para o setor privado por meio de programas formais de transfer\u00eancia de tecnologia e para pensar em termos de cria\u00e7\u00e3o duradoura de conhecimento, em vez de potencial de “ganhos r\u00e1pidos” ao financiar novos projetos.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The authors offer a stark warning to governments and policymakers: learn from and build on experience before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing aims and processes for the sake of political vanity.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os autores apresentam uma advert\u00eancia gritante aos governos e pol\u00edticos: aprender e aproveitar a experi\u00eancia antes do tempo acabar, em vez de reinventar constantemente objetivos e processos em prol da vaidade pol\u00edtica.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cAs the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to take stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem greenhouse gas emissions,\u201d said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “\u00c0 medida que a janela de oportunidade para evitar a mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica perigosa se estreita, n\u00f3s precisamos urgentemente fazer um balan\u00e7o das iniciativas pol\u00edticas em todo o mundo que visam acelerar novas tecnologias energ\u00e9ticas e conter as emiss\u00f5es de gases de efeito estufa”, disse Laura Diaz Anadon, professora de Pol\u00edtica de Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas, na Universidade de Cambridge.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cIf we don\u2019t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works and why, we risk wasting time and money in a way that we simply can\u2019t afford,\u201d said Anadon, who authored the new paper with colleagues from the Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of Minnesota\u2019s Prof Gabriel Chan.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Se n\u00e3o aproveitarmos as li\u00e7\u00f5es dos sucessos pol\u00edticos e falhas anteriores para entender o que funciona e por que, n\u00f3s corremos o risco de perder tempo e dinheiro de uma maneira que simplesmente n\u00e3o podemos pagar”, disse Anadon, autor do novo artigo com colegas da Escola Harvard Kennedy, assim como o Professor Gabriel Chan, da Universidade de Minnesota.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to $10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015\u2019s Paris Climate Change Agreement.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os investimentos p\u00fablicos em pesquisa de energia aumentaram desde o in\u00edcio de meados dos anos 90 e in\u00edcio dos anos 2000. Os membros da OCDE gastaram US$ 16,6 bilh\u00f5es em novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento (P&D) em 2016, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com US$ 10 bilh\u00f5es em 2010. A UE e outras na\u00e7\u00f5es se comprometeram a dobrar o investimento em energia limpa como parte do Acordo de Paris sobre Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Recently, the UK government set out its own Clean Growth Strategy, committing \u00a32.5 billion between 2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million to be invested in new generations of small nuclear power stations and offshore wind turbines.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Recentemente, o governo do Reino Unido estabeleceu sua pr\u00f3pria Estrat\u00e9gia de Crescimento Limpo, comprometendo \u00a32,5 bilh\u00f5es entre 2015 e 2021, com centenas de milh\u00f5es a serem investidos em novas gera\u00e7\u00f5es de pequenas usinas nucleares e turbinas e\u00f3licas offshore<\/em>.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 However, Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding for energy innovation has, in many cases, been highly volatile in the recent past: with political shifts resulting in huge budget fluctuations and process reinventions in the UK and US.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No entanto, Anadon e colegas apontam que o financiamento do governo para a inova\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica tem sido, em muitos casos, altamente vol\u00e1til no passado recente: com mudan\u00e7as pol\u00edticas que resultaram em grandes flutua\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias e reinven\u00e7\u00f5es de processos no Reino Unido e nos EUA.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For example, the research team found that every single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30% up or down. The Trump administration\u2019s current plan is to slash 2018\u2019s energy R&D budget by 35% across the board.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Por exemplo, a equipe de pesquisa descobriu que todos os anos entre 1990 e 2017, uma em cada cinco \u00e1reas de tecnologia financiadas pelo Departamento de Energia (DoE) dos EUA viram uma mudan\u00e7a no or\u00e7amento de mais de 30% para cima ou para baixo. O plano atual da administra\u00e7\u00e3o Trump \u00e9 cortar o or\u00e7amento de P&D de energia em 2018 em 35%.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cExperimentation has benefits, but also costs,\u201d said Anadon. \u201cResearchers are having to relearn new processes, people and programmes with every political transition – wasting time and effort for scientists, companies and policymakers.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Experimenta\u00e7\u00e3o tem benef\u00edcios, mas tamb\u00e9m custos”, disse Anadon. “Os pesquisadores est\u00e3o tendo que reaprender novos processos, pessoas e programas a cada transi\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica – desperdi\u00e7ando tempo e esfor\u00e7o para cientistas, empresas e pol\u00edticos.”<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cRather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously evaluated and updated. New programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cEm vez de revis\u00f5es repetidas, os programas existentes deveriam ser continuamente avaliados e atualizados. Novos programas s\u00f3 deveriam ser configurados se preencherem necessidades n\u00e3o atendidas no momento. \u201d<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 More autonomy for project selection should be passed to active scientists, who are \u201cbest placed to spot bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,\u201d say the authors of the new paper.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mais autonomia para a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos deveria ser passada para cientistas ativos, que est\u00e3o \u201cmelhor posicionados para identificar oportunidades audaciosas, mas arriscadas, que os gerentes sentem falta\u201d, dizem os autores do novo artigo.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They point to projects instigated by the US National Labs producing more commercially-viable technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters \u2014 despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the DoE\u2019s overall budget.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eles apontam para projetos instigados pelos Laborat\u00f3rios Nacionais dos EUA que produzem tecnologias comercialmente mais vi\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bdo que as ditadas pela sede do DoE – apesar dos Laborat\u00f3rios possu\u00edrem apenas 4% do or\u00e7amento total do DoE.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os seis princ\u00edpios orientadores baseados em evid\u00eancias para o investimento em energia limpa s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy initiatives across the world.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dos pesquisadores dos EUA usando o ritmo dos mercados de constru\u00e7\u00e3o chineses para testar tecnologias de redu\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, ao governo do Reino Unido utilizando a psicologia comportamental para promover a efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica, os autores destacam exemplos de investimentos governamentais que ajudaram a criar ou melhorar iniciativas de energia limpa em todo o mundo.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cLet\u2019s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable energy system,\u201d they write.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Vamos aprender com a experi\u00eancia sobre como acelerar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para um sistema de energia mais limpo, seguro e mais acess\u00edvel”, escrevem eles.<\/p>\n Available at: <http:\/\/www.sciencedaily. Com releases\/2017\/12\/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017. Adapted.<\/p>\n \n \n 11 <\/strong><\/p>\n According to Text I, in order to successfully invest in clean energy, governments need to<\/p>\n De acordo com o Texto I, a fim de investir com sucesso em energia limpa, os governos precisam<\/p>\n \n (A) give technical experts more autonomy to publish papers on climate change and clean energy.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dar mais autonomia aos especialistas t\u00e9cnicos para publicar trabalhos sobre mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica e energia limpa.<\/p>\n \n (B) learn from past experiences before our chances to prevent dangerous climate change are over.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aprender com as experi\u00eancias do passado antes que as nossas chances de evitar mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas perigosas acabem.<\/p>\n \n (C) value the \u2018quick-win potential\u2019 of innovation programs promoted by the private sector.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 valorizar o potencial de ganhos r\u00e1pidos dos programas de inova\u00e7\u00e3o promovidos pelo setor privado.<\/p>\n \n (D) expand investments in energy research and continue launching new renewable-energy programs in the next decades.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 expandir os investimentos em pesquisa de energia e continuar lan\u00e7ando novos programas de energia renov\u00e1vel nas pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n \n (E) encourage the generation of small nuclear power stations and offshore wind turbines before it is too late to forecast climate change.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 incentivar a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de pequenas centrais nucleares e turbinas e\u00f3licas offshore <\/em>antes que seja tarde demais para prever as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Observe que o texto afirma a necessidade de os governos aprenderem com a experi\u00eancia, a fim de investir em energia limpa.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0From US researchers using the pace of Chinese construction markets to test energy reduction technologies, to the UK government harnessing behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency, the authors highlight examples of government investment that helped create or improve clean energy initiatives across the world<\/u><\/strong>. <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dos pesquisadores dos EUA usando o ritmo dos mercados de constru\u00e7\u00e3o chineses para testar tecnologias de redu\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, ao governo do Reino Unido utilizando a psicologia comportamental para promover a efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica, os autores destacam exemplos de investimentos governamentais que ajudaram a criar ou melhorar iniciativas de energia limpa em todo o mundo<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cLet\u2019s learn from experience on how to accelerate the transition to a cleaner<\/u><\/strong>, safer and more affordable energy system,\u201d they write.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Vamos aprender com a experi\u00eancia sobre como acelerar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para um sistema de energia mais limpo<\/u><\/strong>, seguro e mais acess\u00edvel”, escrevem eles.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: B<\/p>\n \n \n 12 <\/strong><\/p>\n In the fragment of Text I \u201cwe urgently need to take stock<\/strong> of policy initiatives around the world\u201d (lines 21-22), take stock means to<\/p>\n No fragmento do Texto I \u201cn\u00f3s precisamos urgentemente fazer um balan\u00e7o<\/strong> das iniciativas pol\u00edticas em todo o mundo\u201d (linhas 21-22), fazer um balan\u00e7o significa<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (A) reevaluate controversial decisions.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0reavaliar decis\u00f5es controversas.<\/p>\n \n (B) plan ahead to overcome potential difficulties.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 planejar com anteced\u00eancia para superar poss\u00edveis dificuldades.<\/p>\n \n (C) make an overall assessment of a particular situation.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 fazer uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o global de uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o particular.<\/p>\n \n (D) discard unnecessary measures or questionable actions.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 descartar medidas desnecess\u00e1rias ou a\u00e7\u00f5es question\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n \n (E) get rid of all inefficient or superficial solutions to a problem.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 se livrar de todas as solu\u00e7\u00f5es ineficientes ou superficiais para um problema.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>No presente contexto, a express\u00e3o \u201cto take stock\u201d tem o sentido de realizar um balan\u00e7o\/efetuar uma an\u00e1lise de um determinado cen\u00e1rio\/situa\u00e7\u00e3o. Sendo assim, a resposta correta \u00e9 a alternativa C.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cAs the window of opportunity to avert dangerous climate change narrows, we urgently need to take stock of policy initiatives around the world<\/u><\/strong> that aim to accelerate new energy technologies and stem greenhouse gas emissions,\u201d said Laura Diaz Anadon, Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University of Cambridge. <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “\u00c0 medida que a janela de oportunidade para evitar a mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica perigosa se estreita, n\u00f3s precisamos urgentemente fazer um balan\u00e7o das iniciativas pol\u00edticas em todo o mundo<\/u><\/strong> que visam acelerar novas tecnologias energ\u00e9ticas e conter as emiss\u00f5es de gases de efeito estufa”, disse Laura Diaz Anadon, professora de Pol\u00edtica de Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas, na Universidade de Cambridge.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: C<\/p>\n \n \n 13 <\/strong><\/p>\n Considering some of the figures in Text I, one can affirm that<\/p>\n Considerando algumas cifras do Texto I, pode-se afirmar que<\/p>\n \n (A) \u201cUS$16.6 billion\u201d (line 36) refers to the amount of money saved by OECD members on new energy R&D two years ago.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cUS$16,6 bilh\u00f5es\u201d (linha 36) refere-se \u00e0 quantia economizada pelos membros da OCDE em P&D de energia nova h\u00e1 dois anos.<\/p>\n \n (B) \u201c$10b\u201d (line 38) refers to the amount of money invested by OECD members on new energy R&D in 2010.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c$10b\u201d (linha 38) refere-se \u00e0 quantidade de dinheiro investido pelos membros da OCDE em P&D de energia nova em 2010.<\/p>\n \n (C) \u201c\u00a32.5 billion\u201d (line 42) refers to the figure invested by the UK government in nuclear power stations and offshore wind turbines in the previous decade.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “\u00a32,5 bilh\u00f5es” (linha 42) refere-se \u00e0 figura investida pelo governo do Reino Unido em usinas nucleares e turbinas e\u00f3licas offshore na d\u00e9cada anterior.<\/p>\n \n (D) \u201cmore than 30% up or down\u201d (lines 54-55) refers to the budget fluctuations in all technology areas funded by the US Department of Energy from 1990 to 2017.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cmais de 30% para cima ou para baixo\u201d (linhas 54 a 55) refere-se \u00e0s flutua\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias em todas as \u00e1reas de tecnologia financiadas pelo Departamento de Energia dos EUA de 1990 a 2017.<\/p>\n \n (E) \u201cby 35%\u201d (line 56) refers to the Trump administration\u2019s estimated increase in the 2018\u2019s energy R&D budget.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cem 35%\u201d (linha 56) refere-se ao aumento estimado da administra\u00e7\u00e3o Trump no or\u00e7amento de P&D de energia de 2018.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>De acordo com o texto, \u201c$10b\u201d refere-se \u00e0 quantia investida pelos membros da OCDE em novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento (P&D), no ano de 2010.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Public investments in energy research have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared to $10b<\/u><\/strong> in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015\u2019s Paris Climate Change Agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os investimentos p\u00fablicos em pesquisa de energia aumentaram desde o in\u00edcio de meados dos anos 90 e in\u00edcio dos anos 2000. Os membros da OCDE gastaram US$ 16,6 bilh\u00f5es em novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento (P&D) em 2016, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com US$ 10 bilh\u00f5es<\/u><\/strong> em 2010. A UE e outras na\u00e7\u00f5es se comprometeram a dobrar o investimento em energia limpa como parte do Acordo de Paris sobre Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: B<\/p>\n \n \n 14 <\/strong><\/p>\n According to Text I, one of the guiding principles for clean energy investment is<\/p>\n De acordo com o Texto I, um dos princ\u00edpios orientadores do investimento em energia limpa \u00e9<\/p>\n \n (A) set clear limits for international cooperation.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 estabelecer limites claros para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o internacional.<\/p>\n \n (B) stimulate short-term funding policies for innovation programs.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 estimular pol\u00edticas de financiamento de curto prazo para programas de inova\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n \n (C) encourage tech transfer programs among governmental agencies.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0incentivar programas de transfer\u00eancia de tecnologia entre ag\u00eancias governamentais.<\/p>\n \n (D) value the quick-impact of research programs when sponsoring new projects.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 valorizar o impacto r\u00e1pido dos programas de pesquisa ao patrocinar novos projetos.<\/p>\n \n (E) grant researchers and technical experts greater influence over financial matters.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 conceder aos pesquisadores e especialistas t\u00e9cnicos maior influ\u00eancia sobre quest\u00f5es financeiras.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Dentre os 6 princ\u00edpios orientadores do investimento em energia limpa presentes no texto, somente a alternativa E est\u00e1 de acordo.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The six evidence-based guiding principles for clean energy investment are:<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os seis princ\u00edpios orientadores baseados em evid\u00eancias para o investimento em energia limpa s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: E<\/p>\n \n \n 15 <\/strong><\/p>\n Based on the information presented in Text I, the expression in bold type<\/strong> and the item in parenthesis are semantically equivalent in<\/p>\n Com base nas informa\u00e7\u00f5es apresentadas no Texto I, a express\u00e3o em negrito e o item entre par\u00eanteses s\u00e3o semanticamente equivalentes em<\/p>\n \n (A) \u201cthe authors from UK and US institutions have set out<\/strong> guidelines for investment\u201d \u2013 lines 6-8 (discarded)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cos autores das institui\u00e7\u00f5es do Reino Unido e dos EUA definiram<\/strong> diretrizes para investimento\u201d – linhas 6-8 (eliminaram)<\/p>\n \n (B) \u201clearn from and build on experience before time runs out<\/strong>\u201d \u2013 lines 17-18 (prevails)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201caprender e aproveitar a experi\u00eancia antes do tempo acabar<\/strong>\u201d – linhas 17-18 (prevalecer)<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n (C) \u201cIf we don\u2019t build on<\/strong> the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what works and why\u201d \u2013 lines 27-29 (reject)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cSe n\u00e3o aproveitarmos<\/strong> as li\u00e7\u00f5es dos sucessos pol\u00edticos e falhas anteriores para entender o que funciona e por que\u201d – linhas 27 a 29 (rejeitarmos)<\/p>\n \n (D) \u201cAnadon and colleagues point out<\/strong> that government funding for energy innovation has, in many cases, been highly volatile in the recent past\u201d \u2013 lines 46-48 (report)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cAnadon e colegas apontam<\/strong> que o financiamento do governo para a inova\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica tem, em muitos casos, sido altamente vol\u00e1til no passado recente\u201d – linhas 46-48 (informam\/comunicam)<\/p>\n \n (E) \u201cNew programs should only be set up<\/strong> if they fill needs not currently met\u201d \u2013 lines 65-66 (canceled)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNovos programas s\u00f3 devem ser configurados<\/strong> se preencherem necessidades n\u00e3o atendidas no momento\u201d – linhas 65-66 (cancelados)<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>O phrasal verb<\/em> \u201cpoint out\u201d<\/em> (apontar; indicar; assinalar; mostrar; ressaltar) tem sentido equivalemente ao verbo \u201cto report\u201d<\/em> (informar; comunicar; apresentar)<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: D<\/p>\n \n \n 16 <\/strong><\/p>\n Based on the meanings in Text I, the two items that express synonymous ideas are<\/p>\n Com base nos significados do Texto I, os dois itens que expressam ideias sin\u00f4nimas s\u00e3o<\/p>\n \n (A) channel (line 12) – hinder<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 direcionar (linha 12) – dificultar<\/p>\n \n (B) stark (line 16) – dubious<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 gritante (linha 16) – duvidoso<\/p>\n \n (C) stem (line 23) – restrain<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 conter (linha 23) – restringir<\/p>\n \n (D) pledged (line 38) – refused<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 comprometeu-se (linha 38) – recusou<\/p>\n \n (E) bold (line 69) – fearful<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 audaciosas (linha 69) – receoso<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>O verbo \u201cto stem\u201d<\/em> (conter; estancar; deter) expressa ideia sin\u00f4nima ao verbo \u201cto restrain\u201d<\/em> (restringir; conter; impedir; limitar).<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: C<\/p>\n \n \n 17 <\/strong><\/p>\n In the fragment of Text I \u201cRather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be<\/strong> continuously evaluated and updated\u201d (lines 63-65), should be<\/strong> expresses a(n)<\/p>\n No fragmento de Texto I \u201cEm vez de revis\u00f5es repetidas, os programas existentes deveriam<\/strong> ser continuamente avaliados e atualizados\u201d (linhas 63-65), deveriam expressa<\/strong> um(uma)<\/p>\n \n (A) strong ability<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 forte capacidade<\/p>\n \n (B) vague necessity<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 necessidade imprecisa<\/p>\n \n (C) weak probability<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0probabilidade fraca<\/p>\n \n (D) future permission<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 permiss\u00e3o futura<\/p>\n \n (E) strong recommendation<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 forte recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>O verbo modal \u201cshould\u201d<\/em> expressa uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o forte. N\u00e3o se trata de uma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o, mas de uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o incisiva.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: E<\/p>\n \n \n \n Text II <\/strong><\/p>\n Texto II<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Why You Should Invest In Green Energy Right Now<\/strong><\/p>\n Por que voc\u00ea deve investir em energia verde agora<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It\u2019s no secret that the global energy demand continues to rise. Driven by emerging economies and non-OECD nations, total worldwide energy usage is expected to grow by nearly 40% over the next 20 years. That\u2019ll require a staggering amount of coal, oil and gas.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00e3o \u00e9 segredo que a demanda global de energia continua aumentando. Impulsionado por economias emergentes e pa\u00edses n\u00e3o membros da OCDE, espera-se que o uso mundial total de energia cres\u00e7a em quase 40% nos pr\u00f3ximos 20 anos. Isso exigir\u00e1 uma quantidade impressionante de carv\u00e3o, petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0But it\u2019s not just fossil fuels that will get the nod. The demand for renewable energy sources is exploding, and according to new study, we haven\u2019t seen anything yet in terms of spending on solar, wind and other green energy projects. For investors, that spending could lead to some serious portfolio green as well.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o apenas os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis que receber\u00e3o o reconhecimento. A demanda por fontes de energia renov\u00e1vel est\u00e1 explodindo e, de acordo com o novo estudo, ainda n\u00e3o vimos nada em termos de gastos com projetos de energia solar, e\u00f3lica e outros projetos de energia verde. Para os investidores, esse gasto tamb\u00e9m pode levar a alguns portfolios verdes.<\/p>\n \n Rising Market Share <\/strong><\/p>\n Participa\u00e7\u00e3o de mercado crescente<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The future is certainly looking pretty \u201cgreen\u201d for renewable energy bulls. A new study shows that the sector will receive nearly $5.1 trillion worth of investment in new power plants by 2030. According to a new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for over 60% of the 5,579 gigawatts of new generation capacity and 65% of the $7.7 trillion in power investment. Overall, fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, will see their total share of power generation fall to 46%. That\u2019s a lot, but down from roughly from 64% today.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O futuro certamente parece bastante \u201cverde\u201d para os touros de energia renov\u00e1vel. Um novo estudo mostra que o setor receber\u00e1 cerca de US$ 5,1 trilh\u00f5es em investimentos em novas usinas at\u00e9 2030. De acordo com um novo relat\u00f3rio da Bloomberg New Energy Finance, at\u00e9 2030, as fontes renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bde energia ser\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bpor mais de 60% dos 5.579 gigawatts em nova capacidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia e 65% dos US $ 7,7 trilh\u00f5es em investimentos em energia. No geral, os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, como carv\u00e3o e g\u00e1s natural, v\u00e3o ver a sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o total na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia cair para 46%. Isso \u00e9 muito, mas abaixo de aproximadamente 64% hoje.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Large-scale hydropower facilities will command the lion\u2019s share of new capacity among green energy sources. However, the expansion by solar and wind energy will be mighty swift as well.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As usinas hidrel\u00e9tricas de grande escala comandar\u00e3o a maior parte da nova capacidade entre as fontes de energia verde. No entanto, a expans\u00e3o da energia solar e e\u00f3lica tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 bastante r\u00e1pida.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Bloomberg report shows that solar and wind will increase their combined share of global generation capacity to 16% from 3% by 2030. The key driver will be utility-scale solar power plants, as well as the vast adoption of rooftop solar arrays in emerging markets lacking modern grid infrastructure. In places like Latin America and India, the lack of infrastructure will actually make rooftop solar a cheaper option for electricity generation. Analysts estimate that Latin America will add nearly 102 GW worth of rooftop solar arrays during the study\u2019s time period.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0O relat\u00f3rio da Bloomberg mostra que a energia solar e e\u00f3lica aumentar\u00e3o sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o combinada da capacidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o global para 16% de 3% at\u00e9 2030. O principal impulsionador ser\u00e1 usina de energia solar em escala de utilidade p\u00fablica, bem como a ampla ado\u00e7\u00e3o de telhados com pain\u00e9is solares em mercados emergentes, sem infraestrutura de rede moderna. Em lugares como a Am\u00e9rica Latina e a \u00cdndia, a falta de infraestrutura tornar\u00e1 a energia solar na cobertura uma op\u00e7\u00e3o mais barata para a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade. Analistas estimam que a Am\u00e9rica Latina adicionar\u00e1 quase 102 GW de pain\u00e9is solares no telhado durante o per\u00edodo do estudo.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bloomberg New Energy predicts that economics will have more to do with the additional generation capacity than subsidies. The same can be said for many Asian nations. Increased solar adoption will benefit from higher costs related to rising liquid natural gas (LNG) imports in the region starting in 2024. Likewise, on- and offshore wind power facilities will see rising capacity as well.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A Nova energia Bloomberg prev\u00ea que a economia ter\u00e1 mais a ver com a capacidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o adicional que os subs\u00eddios. O mesmo pode ser dito para muitos pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos. O aumento da ado\u00e7\u00e3o solar beneficiar\u00e1 os custos mais altos relacionados ao aumento das importa\u00e7\u00f5es de g\u00e1s natural liquefeito (GNL) na regi\u00e3o a partir de 2024. Da mesma forma, as instala\u00e7\u00f5es de energia e\u00f3lica onshore e offshore tamb\u00e9m ver\u00e3o a capacidade crescente.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0In the developed world, Bloomberg New Energyn Finance predicts that CO2 and emission reductions will also help play a major role in adding additional renewable energy to the grid. While the U.S. will still focus much of its attention towards shale gas, developed Europe will spend roughly $67 billion on new green energy capacity by 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No mundo desenvolvido, a Finan\u00e7a de Nova Enegia Bloomberg prev\u00ea que as redu\u00e7\u00f5es de emiss\u00f5es e CO2 tamb\u00e9m ajudar\u00e3o a desempenhar um papel importante na adi\u00e7\u00e3o de energia renov\u00e1vel adicional \u00e0 rede. Embora os EUA ainda concentrem grande parte de sua aten\u00e7\u00e3o no g\u00e1s de xisto, a Europa desenvolvida gastar\u00e1 cerca de US$ 67 bilh\u00f5es em nova capacidade de energia verde at\u00e9 2030.<\/p>\n Available at: <https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/markets\/070814\/ why-you-should-invest-green-energy-right-now.asp>.Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.<\/p>\n \n \n 18 <\/strong><\/p>\n The main purpose of Text II is to<\/p>\n O principal objetivo do Texto II \u00e9<\/p>\n \n (A) criticize the excessive dependence of the U.S. and Europe on fossil fuels.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 criticar a depend\u00eancia excessiva dos EUA e da Europa em combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/p>\n \n (B) announce an increase in the use of solar energy in Latin America and India.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0anunciar um aumento no uso de energia solar na Am\u00e9rica Latina e na \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n \n (C) expose the higher costs related to rising LNG imports in several Asian nations.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 expor os custos mais elevados relacionados ao aumento das importa\u00e7\u00f5es de GNL em v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\n \n (D) provide estimates concerning the increasing demand for renewable energy sources.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0fornecer estimativas relativas \u00e0 crescente demanda por fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n \n (E) warn investors about the risks associated with solar, wind and green energy projects.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 avisar os investidores sobre os riscos associados aos projetos de energia solar, e\u00f3lica e verde.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Perceba que a resposta para este tipo de quest\u00e3o sobre o ob jetivo principal do texto, normalmente est\u00e1 no pr\u00f3prio t\u00edtulo e\/ou primeiro par\u00e1grafo. Veja que o presente texto comenta sobre as estimativas referentes ao aumento da demanda por fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n \n Why You Should Invest In Green Energy Right Now<\/strong><\/p>\n Por que voc\u00ea deve investir em energia verde agora<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It\u2019s no secret that the global energy demand continues to rise<\/u><\/strong>. Driven by emerging economies and non-OECD nations, total worldwide energy usage is expected to grow by nearly 40%<\/u><\/strong> over the next 20 years. That\u2019ll require a staggering amount of coal, oil and gas.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00e3o \u00e9 segredo que a demanda global de energia continua aumentando<\/u><\/strong>. Impulsionado por economias emergentes e pa\u00edses n\u00e3o membros da OCDE, espera-se que o uso mundial total de energia cres\u00e7a em quase 40%<\/u><\/strong> nos pr\u00f3ximos 20 anos. Isso exigir\u00e1 uma quantidade impressionante de carv\u00e3o, petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: D<\/p>\n \n \n 19 <\/strong><\/p>\n In Text II, the author affirms that \u201cThe future is certainly looking pretty green for renewable energy bulls\u201d (lines 15-16) because of the<\/p>\n No Texto II, o autor afirma que \u201co futuro certamente parece bastante verde para touros de energia renov\u00e1vel\u201d (linhas 15-16) por causa do(a)<\/p>\n \n (A) large share of electricity to be generated from renewable energy sources by 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 grande parte da eletricidade a ser gerada a partir de fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bat\u00e9 2030.<\/p>\n \n (B) expected growth in fossil fuels in the total share of power generation by 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 crescimento esperado dos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis na participa\u00e7\u00e3o total da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia at\u00e9 2030.<\/p>\n \n (C) dominant position of coal and natural gas for electricity generation nowadays.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o dominante do carv\u00e3o e g\u00e1s natural para gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade hoje em dia.<\/p>\n \n (D) global boom in hydropower generation by the end of this decade.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 boom global na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia hidrel\u00e9trica at\u00e9 o final desta d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n \n (E) massive investment in solar and wind energy in the next decade.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0investimento massivo em energia solar e e\u00f3lica na pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Observe que o texto comenta que o setor de energia renov\u00e1vel receber\u00e1 cerca de US$ 5,1 trilh\u00f5es em investimentos em novas usinas at\u00e9 2030. Assim, a frase do enunciado (<\/em>The future is certainly looking pretty green for renewable energy bulls)<\/em> se d\u00e1 em raz\u00e3o da grande parte da eletricidade a ser gerada a partir de fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bat\u00e9 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The future is certainly looking pretty \u201cgreen\u201d for renewable energy bulls<\/u><\/em><\/strong>. A new study shows that the sector will receive nearly $5.1 trillion worth of investment in new power plants by 2030. According to a new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for over 60% of the 5,579 gigawatts of new generation capacity and 65% of the $7.7 trillion in power investment. Overall, fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, will see their total share of power generation fall to 46%. That\u2019s a lot, but down from roughly from 64% today. <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O futuro certamente parece bastante \u201cverde\u201d para os touros de energia renov\u00e1vel<\/u><\/strong>. Um novo estudo mostra que o setor receber\u00e1 cerca de US$ 5,1 trilh\u00f5es em investimentos em novas usinas at\u00e9 2030. De acordo com um novo relat\u00f3rio da Bloomberg New Energy Finance, at\u00e9 2030, as fontes renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bde energia ser\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bpor mais de 60% dos 5.579 gigawatts em nova capacidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia e 65% dos US $ 7,7 trilh\u00f5es em investimentos em energia. No geral, os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, como carv\u00e3o e g\u00e1s natural, v\u00e3o ver a sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o total na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia cair para 46%. Isso \u00e9 muito, mas abaixo de aproximadamente 64% hoje.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: A<\/p>\n \n \n 20 <\/strong><\/p>\n Comparing Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that<\/p>\n Comparando os textos I e II, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel afirmar que<\/p>\n \n (A) Text I forecasts the expansion of green energy sources in Latin American countries.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O texto I prev\u00ea a expans\u00e3o das fontes de energia verde nos pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n \n (B) Text II discusses the important role of scientists over funding decisions on clean energy.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O texto II discute o importante papel dos cientistas em financiar decis\u00f5es sobre energia limpa.<\/p>\n \n (C) neither Text I nor Text II reveal concerns about dangerous climate change in the near future.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 nem o Texto I nem o Texto II revelam preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas perigosas no futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n \n (D) both Text I and Text II underscore the importance of governmental investments in energy research.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 tanto o Texto I quanto o Texto II ressaltam a import\u00e2ncia dos investimentos governamentais em pesquisa energ\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n \n (E) both Text I and Text II quote studies that discuss investments in renewable energy sources.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0tanto no Texto I quanto o Texto II citam estudos que tratam sobre investimentos em fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Perceba que ambos os textos (trechos destacados abaixo) mencionam estudos\/pesquisas que tratam sobre investimentos em fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n \n Texto I<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Public investments in energy research<\/u><\/strong> have risen since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s. OECD members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy research and development (R&D)<\/u><\/strong> in 2016 compared to $10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged to double clean energy investment as part of 2015\u2019s Paris Climate Change Agreement.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Os investimentos p\u00fablicos em pesquisa<\/u><\/strong> de energia aumentaram desde o in\u00edcio de meados dos anos 90 e in\u00edcio dos anos 2000. Os membros da OCDE gastaram US$ 16,6 bilh\u00f5es em novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento (P&D)<\/u><\/strong> em 2016, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com US$ 10 bilh\u00f5es em 2010. A UE e outras na\u00e7\u00f5es se comprometeram a dobrar o investimento em energia limpa como parte do Acordo de Paris sobre Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Texto II<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 But it\u2019s not just fossil fuels that will get the nod. The demand for renewable energy sources is exploding, and according to new study<\/u><\/strong>, we haven\u2019t seen anything yet in terms of spending on solar, wind and other green energy projects. For investors, that spending could lead to some serious portfolio green as well.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o apenas os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis que receber\u00e3o o reconhecimento. A demanda por fontes de energia renov\u00e1vel est\u00e1 explodindo e, de acordo com o novo estudo<\/u><\/strong>, ainda n\u00e3o vimos nada em termos de gastos com projetos de energia solar, e\u00f3lica e outros projetos de energia verde. Para os investidores, esse gasto tamb\u00e9m pode levar a alguns portfolios verdes.<\/p>\n Gabarito preliminar: E<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Oi pessoal! Tudo bem? Seguem os coment\u00e1rios da prova de Ingl\u00eas da PETROBR\u00c1S para o cargo de Engenheiro de Petr\u00f3leo Jr, realizada no dia 08\/04\/18. Em princ\u00edpio, n\u00e3o visualizei possibilidade de recurso em nenhuma quest\u00e3o. Boa sorte! Abra\u00e7os, Prof. Marina Marcondes \u00a0 L\u00cdNGUA INGLESA Text I Texto 1 Clean energy: Experts outline how governments can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"post_tipo":"article","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"tax_estado":[],"class_list":["post-115702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cursos-e-concursos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
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