Ol\u00e1 pessoal! Tudo bem?<\/p>\n
Segue a prova comentada de Ingl\u00eas da PETROBR\u00c1S realizada no \u00faltimo domingo (18\/03\/18).<\/p>\n
Em princ\u00edpio, n\u00e3o visualizamos nenhuma possibilidade de recursos.<\/p>\n
Um grande abra\u00e7o a todos!<\/p>\n
Prof. Marina Marcondes<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u00cdNGUA INGLESA<\/strong><\/p>\n \n Text I <\/strong><\/p>\n \n A world in transformation:\u00a0<\/strong>World Energy Outlook 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n Um mundo em transforma\u00e7\u00e3o: Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O ressurgimento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s dos Estados Unidos, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o profunda no custo das energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a crescente eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o mudando a cara do sistema energ\u00e9tico global e levantando as formas tradicionais de atender \u00e0 demanda de energia, de acordo com o Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017. Uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia mais limpa e diversificada na China \u00e9 outro importante impulsionador dessa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Over the next 25 years, the world\u2019s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas, as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 \u2014 but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency improvements. The boom years for coal are over \u2014 in the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) \u2014 and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even as electric-car sales rise steeply.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos, as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova. A demanda global de energia \u00e9 30% maior em 2040 – mas ainda metade do que teria sido sem melhorias de efici\u00eancia. Os anos de auge para o carv\u00e3o acabaram – na aus\u00eancia de captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono em grange escala (CCUS) – e a crescente procura de petr\u00f3leo diminui, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 revertida antes de 2040, mesmo quando as vendas de carros el\u00e9tricos aumentam abruptamente.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)\u2019s flagship publication, finds that over the next two decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China\u2019s new economic strategy takes it on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 WEO-2017, a publica\u00e7\u00e3o principal da Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia (AIE), considera que, nas pr\u00f3ximas duas d\u00e9cadas, o sistema energ\u00e9tico global est\u00e1 sendo reformulado por quatro for\u00e7as principais: os Estados Unidos devem se tornar o l\u00edder mundial incontest\u00e1vel de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s; as energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200best\u00e3o sendo implantadas rapidamente gra\u00e7as \u00e0 queda de custos; a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da eletricidade na combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia est\u00e1 crescendo; e a nova estrat\u00e9gia econ\u00f4mica da China leva a um modo de crescimento mais limpo, com implica\u00e7\u00f5es para os mercados globais de energia.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O PV solar est\u00e1 configurado para liderar as adi\u00e7\u00f5es de capacidade, promovido pela implanta\u00e7\u00e3o na China e na \u00cdndia, enquanto isso na Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, o vento se torna a principal fonte de eletricidade logo ap\u00f3s 2030.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cSolar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity generation in many places, including China and India,\u201d said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA\u2019s executive director. \u201cElectric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “A energia Solar est\u00e1 avan\u00e7ando nos mercados de energia globais, uma vez que se torna a fonte mais econ\u00f4mica de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade em muitos lugares, incluindo China e \u00cdndia”, disse o Dr. Fatih Birol, diretor executivo da AIE. “Os ve\u00edculos el\u00e9tricos (EVs) est\u00e3o na faixa r\u00e1pida como resultado do apoio do governo e da queda dos custos da bateria, mas \u00e9 muito cedo para registrar o obitu\u00e1rio do petr\u00f3leo, j\u00e1 que o crescimento de caminh\u00f5es, petroqu\u00edmicos, transporte e avia\u00e7\u00e3o continuam impulsionando a demanda. Os EUA se tornam o l\u00edder incontest\u00e1vel da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s por d\u00e9cadas, o que representa uma grande perturba\u00e7\u00e3o para a din\u00e2mica do mercado internacional “.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 These themes \u2014 as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS \u2014 were among the key topics discussed by the world\u2019s energy leaders at the IEA\u2019s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Esses temas – assim como o papel futuro do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s na combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, como as tecnologias de energia limpa est\u00e3o sendo implantadas e a necessidade de mais investimentos na CCUS – foram alguns dos principais t\u00f3picos discutidos pelos l\u00edderes mundiais de energia na Reuni\u00e3o Ministerial 2017 da IEA, em Paris na semana passada.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes underway will have a profound impact on the country\u2019s energy mix, and continue to shape global trends. A new phase in the country\u2019s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry and coal.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Este ano, o WEO-2017 inclui um foco especial na China, onde as mudan\u00e7as nas pol\u00edticas econ\u00f4micas e energ\u00e9ticas em curso ter\u00e3o um impacto profundo na combina\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica do pa\u00eds e continuar\u00e3o a moldar as tend\u00eancias globais. Uma nova fase no desenvolvimento do pa\u00eds resulta em uma economia menos dependente da ind\u00fastria pesada e do carv\u00e3o.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner energy technologies, in large part to address poor air quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles and the source of more than a quarter of projected growth in natural gas consumption. As demand growth in China slows, other countries continue to push overall global demand higher \u2013 with India accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ao mesmo tempo, uma forte \u00eanfase nas tecnologias de energia mais limpas, em grande parte para enfrentar a m\u00e1 qualidade do ar, est\u00e1 impulsionando a China a ocupar uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o como l\u00edder mundial em ve\u00edculos e\u00f3licos, solares, nucleares e el\u00e9tricos e a fonte de mais de um quarto de crescimento planejado no consumo de g\u00e1s natural. \u00c0 medida que o crescimento da demanda na China diminui, outros pa\u00edses continuam aumentando a demanda global – com a \u00cdndia sendo a respons\u00e1vel por quase um ter\u00e7o do crescimento global at\u00e9 2040.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is projected to become the world\u2019s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A revolu\u00e7\u00e3o do petr\u00f3leo de xisto e g\u00e1s nos Estados Unidos continua gra\u00e7as \u00e0 not\u00e1vel habilidade dos produtores de liberar novos recursos de forma rent\u00e1vel. Em meados da d\u00e9cada de 2020, os Estados Unidos est\u00e1 projetado para se tornar o maior exportador de GNL do mundo e um exportador de petr\u00f3leo l\u00edquido at\u00e9 o final dessa d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0This is having a major impact on oil and gas markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and provoking a major reorientation of global trade flows, with consumers in Asia accounting for more than 70% of global oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG from the United States is also accelerating a major structural shift towards a more flexible and globalized gas market.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Isso est\u00e1 tendo um grande impacto nos mercados de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s, desafiando os fornecedores em exerc\u00edcio e provocando uma grande reorienta\u00e7\u00e3o dos fluxos de com\u00e9rcio global, com consumidores na \u00c1sia representando mais de 70% das importa\u00e7\u00f5es mundiais de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s at\u00e9 2040. O GNL dos Estados Unidos est\u00e1 acelerando tamb\u00e9m uma grande mudan\u00e7a estrutural para um mercado de g\u00e1s mais flex\u00edvel e globalizado.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to 2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace \u2013 while fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak in oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors \u2013 namely petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping \u2013 drive up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day by 2040.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A WEO-2017 considera que \u00e9 muito cedo para registrar o obitu\u00e1rio do petr\u00f3leo. A demanda mundial de petr\u00f3leo continua a crescendo at\u00e9 2040, embora a um ritmo constantemente menor – enquanto a efici\u00eancia de combust\u00edvel e a eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o crescente trazem um pico no petr\u00f3leo usado para autom\u00f3veis de passageiros, mesmo com uma duplica\u00e7\u00e3o da frota de carros para dois bilh\u00f5es. Mas outros setores \u2013 isto \u00e9, petroqu\u00edmicos, caminh\u00f5es, avia\u00e7\u00e3o e transporte – elevam a demanda de petr\u00f3leo para 105 milh\u00f5es de barris por dia at\u00e9 2040.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0While carbon emissions have flattened in recente years, the report finds that global energy-related CO2 emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower pace than in last year\u2019s projections. Still, this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Embora as emiss\u00f5es de carbono tenham estagnado nos \u00faltimos anos, o relat\u00f3rio conclui que as emiss\u00f5es globais de CO2 relacionadas com a energia aumentam ligeiramente em 2040, mas a um ritmo mais lento do que nas proje\u00e7\u00f5es do ano passado. Ainda assim, isso est\u00e1 longe de ser suficiente para evitar impactos severos nas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n Available at: <https:\/\/www.iea.org\/newsroom\/news\/2017\/november\/a-world-in-transformation-world-energyoutlook-2017.html>.Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted.<\/p>\n \n 11 <\/strong><\/p>\n The main purpose of Text I is to<\/p>\n O objetivo principal do Texto I \u00e9<\/p>\n (A) predict the imminent decrease of global oil demands in the near future.<\/p>\n prever a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o iminente das demandas globais de petr\u00f3leo no futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n (B) present an overview of world energy scenarios for the coming decades.<\/p>\n apresentar uma vis\u00e3o geral dos cen\u00e1rios energ\u00e9ticos mundiais para as pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n (C) report on the increasing role of renewable energy sources and natural gas.<\/p>\n relatar sobre o crescente papel das fontes de energia renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be do g\u00e1s natural.<\/p>\n (D) discuss how China\u2019s economic and energy policy changes may shape global trends.<\/p>\n discutir como as mudan\u00e7as da pol\u00edtica econ\u00f4mica e energ\u00e9tica da China podem moldar as tend\u00eancias globais.<\/p>\n (E) anticipate how the US, China and India will transform the global energy system in the next decade.<\/p>\n antecipar como os EUA, a China e a \u00cdndia transformar\u00e3o o sistema energ\u00e9tico global na pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Observe que o t\u00edtulo do texto j\u00e1 indica o seu objetivo principal – A world in transformation: World Energy Outlook 2017 (Um mundo em transforma\u00e7\u00e3o: Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017). Na sequ\u00eancia, veja que os primeiros par\u00e1grafos do texto disp\u00f5em sobre uma vis\u00e3o geral das perspectivas energ\u00e9ticas mundiais para as pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n \n The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system and upending traditional ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation.<\/p>\n O ressurgimento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s dos Estados Unidos, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o profunda no custo das energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a crescente eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o mudando a cara do sistema energ\u00e9tico global e levantando as formas tradicionais de atender \u00e0 demanda de energia, de acordo com o Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017. Uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia mais limpa e diversificada na China \u00e9 outro importante impulsionador dessa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n \n Over the next 25 years, the world\u2019s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas, as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 \u2014 but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency improvements. The boom years for coal are over \u2014 in the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) \u2014 and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even as electric-car sales rise steeply.<\/p>\n Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos, as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova. A demanda global de energia \u00e9 30% maior em 2040 – mas ainda metade do que teria sido sem melhorias de efici\u00eancia. Os anos de auge para o carv\u00e3o acabaram – na aus\u00eancia de captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono em grange escala (CCUS) – e a crescente procura de petr\u00f3leo diminui, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 revertida antes de 2040, mesmo quando as vendas de carros el\u00e9tricos aumentam abruptamente.<\/p>\n Gabarito: B<\/p>\n \n \n 12 <\/strong><\/p>\n According to Text I, one of the themes discussed at the IEA\u2019s 2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris was the<\/p>\n De acordo com o Texto I, um dos temas discutidos na Reuni\u00e3o Ministerial da AIE 2017 em Paris foi o<\/p>\n (A) insufficient investment in clean-energy technologies.<\/p>\n investimento insuficiente em tecnologias de energia limpa.<\/p>\n (B) inadequate use of solar energy in global power markets.<\/p>\n uso inadequado de energia solar nos mercados globais de energia.<\/p>\n (C) necessary increase in investment in carbon capture, utilization and storage.<\/p>\n aumento necess\u00e1rio no investimento da captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono.<\/p>\n (D) questionable leadership of the US in the areas of oil and gas production.<\/p>\n lideran\u00e7a question\u00e1vel dos EUA nas \u00e1reas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s.<\/p>\n (E) limited use of EVs due to battery prices and lack of financial help from the government.<\/p>\n uso limitado de EVs devido aos pre\u00e7os da bateria e falta de ajuda financeira do governo.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n O texto afirma que a necessidade de mais investimentos na CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) foi um dos principais t\u00f3picos discutidos pelos l\u00edderes mundiais de energia na Reuni\u00e3o Ministerial 2017 da IEA.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Over the next 25 years, the world\u2019s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas, as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 \u2014 but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency improvements. The boom years for coal are over \u2014 in the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)<\/u><\/strong> \u2014 and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even as electric-car sales rise steeply.<\/p>\n Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos, as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova. A demanda global de energia \u00e9 30% maior em 2040 – mas ainda metade do que teria sido sem melhorias de efici\u00eancia. Os anos de auge para o carv\u00e3o acabaram – na aus\u00eancia de captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono em grange escala (CCUS)<\/u><\/strong> – e a crescente procura de petr\u00f3leo diminui, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 revertida antes de 2040, mesmo quando as vendas de carros el\u00e9tricos aumentam abruptamente.<\/p>\n \n WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)\u2019s flagship publication, finds that over the next two decades the global energy system is being reshaped by four major forces: the United States is set to become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China\u2019s new economic strategy takes it on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets.<\/p>\n WEO-2017, a publica\u00e7\u00e3o principal da Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia (AIE), considera que, nas pr\u00f3ximas duas d\u00e9cadas, o sistema energ\u00e9tico global est\u00e1 sendo reformulado por quatro for\u00e7as principais: os Estados Unidos devem se tornar o l\u00edder mundial incontest\u00e1vel de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s; as energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200best\u00e3o sendo implantadas rapidamente gra\u00e7as \u00e0 queda de custos; a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da eletricidade na combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia est\u00e1 crescendo; e a nova estrat\u00e9gia econ\u00f4mica da China leva a um modo de crescimento mais limpo, com implica\u00e7\u00f5es para os mercados globais de energia.<\/p>\n \n Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes the leading source of electricity soon after 2030.<\/p>\n O PV solar est\u00e1 configurado para liderar as adi\u00e7\u00f5es de capacidade, promovido pela implanta\u00e7\u00e3o na China e na \u00cdndia, enquanto isso na Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, o vento se torna a principal fonte de eletricidade logo ap\u00f3s 2030.<\/p>\n \n \u201cSolar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity generation in many places, including China and India,\u201d said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA\u2019s executive director. \u201cElectric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result of government support and declining battery costs but it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and aviation keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes the undisputed leader for oil and gas production for decades, which represents a major upheaval for international market dynamics.\u201d<\/p>\n “A energia Solar est\u00e1 avan\u00e7ando nos mercados de energia globais, uma vez que se torna a fonte mais econ\u00f4mica de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade em muitos lugares, incluindo China e \u00cdndia”, disse o Dr. Fatih Birol, diretor executivo da AIE. “Os ve\u00edculos el\u00e9tricos (EVs) est\u00e3o na faixa r\u00e1pida como resultado do apoio do governo e da queda dos custos da bateria, mas \u00e9 muito cedo para registrar o obitu\u00e1rio do petr\u00f3leo, j\u00e1 que o crescimento de caminh\u00f5es, petroqu\u00edmicos, transporte e avia\u00e7\u00e3o continuam impulsionando a demanda. Os EUA se tornam o l\u00edder incontest\u00e1vel da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s por d\u00e9cadas, o que representa uma grande perturba\u00e7\u00e3o para a din\u00e2mica do mercado internacional “.<\/p>\n \n These themes<\/u><\/strong> \u2014 as well as the future role of oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy technologies are deploying, and the need for more investment in CCUS \u2014 were among the key topics discussed by the world\u2019s energy leaders at the IEA\u2019s 2017 Ministerial Meeting<\/u><\/strong> in Paris last week.<\/p>\n Esses temas<\/u><\/strong> – assim como o papel futuro do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s na combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, como as tecnologias de energia limpa est\u00e3o sendo implantadas e a necessidade de mais investimentos na CCUS – foram alguns dos principais t\u00f3picos discutidos pelos l\u00edderes mundiais de energia na Reuni\u00e3o Ministerial 2017 da IEA<\/u><\/strong>, em Paris na semana passada.<\/p>\n \n Gabarito: C<\/p>\n \n \n \n 13 <\/strong><\/p>\n According to Text I, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China because this country has been<\/p>\n De acordo com o Texto I, o WEO-2017 inclui um foco especial na China porque este pa\u00eds est\u00e1\/\u00e9<\/p>\n (A) suffering from severe problems derived from poor air quality.<\/p>\n sofrendo de graves problemas derivados da m\u00e1 qualidade do ar.<\/p>\n (B) blamed for substituting heavy industry and coal for cleaner energy.<\/p>\n culpado por substituir ind\u00fastria pesada e carv\u00e3o por energia mais limpa.<\/p>\n (C) responsible for the consumption of 20% of the world\u00b4s natural gas.<\/p>\n respons\u00e1vel pelo consumo de 20% do g\u00e1s natural do mundo.<\/p>\n (D) an undeniable world leader in the areas of wind, solar and nuclear energy.<\/p>\n um l\u00edder mundial ineg\u00e1vel nas \u00e1reas de energia e\u00f3lica, solar e nuclear.<\/p>\n (E) facing changes in the economic and energy policy that will deeply influence its energy mix.<\/p>\n enfrentando mudan\u00e7as na pol\u00edtica econ\u00f4mica e energ\u00e9tica que influenciar\u00e1 profundamente a sua combina\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>De acordo com o texto, o WEO-2017 tem foco especial na China, onde as mudan\u00e7as nas pol\u00edticas econ\u00f4micas e energ\u00e9ticas em curso ter\u00e3o um impacto profundo na combina\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica do pa\u00eds<\/p>\n This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on China, where economic and energy policy changes underway will have a profound impact on the country\u2019s energy mix<\/u><\/strong>, and continue to shape global trends. A new phase in the country\u2019s development results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy industry and coal. <\/em><\/p>\n Este ano, o WEO-2017 inclui um foco especial na China, onde as mudan\u00e7as nas pol\u00edticas econ\u00f4micas e energ\u00e9ticas em curso ter\u00e3o um impacto profundo na combina\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica do pa\u00eds<\/u><\/strong> e continuar\u00e3o a moldar as tend\u00eancias globais. Uma nova fase no desenvolvimento do pa\u00eds resulta em uma economia menos dependente da ind\u00fastria pesada e do carv\u00e3o.<\/p>\n Gabarito: E<\/p>\n \n \n 14 <\/strong><\/p>\n Based on the meanings in Text I, the two items that express synonymous ideas are<\/p>\n Com base nos significados do Texto I, os dois itens que expressam ideias sin\u00f4nimas s\u00e3o<\/p>\n (A) deployed (line 25) \u2013 disturbed<\/p>\n implantado (linha 25) – perturbado<\/p>\n (B) undisputed (line 43) \u2013 irrefutable<\/p>\n incontest\u00e1vel (linha 43) – irrefut\u00e1vel<\/p>\n (C) upheaval (line 44) \u2013 stagnation<\/p>\n perturba\u00e7\u00e3o (linha 44) – estagna\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n (D) unlock (line 70) \u2013 restrain<\/p>\n liberar (linha 70) – impedir<\/p>\n (E) incumbent (line 75) \u2013 unnecessary<\/p>\n em exerc\u00edcio (linha 75) – desnecess\u00e1rio<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Observe que as palavras \u201c<\/em>undisputed\u201d<\/em> (incontest\u00e1vel) e \u201cirrefutable\u201d<\/em> (irrefut\u00e1vel) s\u00e3o sin\u00f4nimas.<\/p>\n \n Gabarito: B<\/p>\n \n \n 15 <\/strong><\/p>\n In the fragments \u201cSolar is forging ahead in global power markets as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity generation in many places, including China and India\u201d (lines 34-37) and \u201cwith India accounting for almost one-third of global growth to 2040\u201d (lines 66-67) forging ahead<\/strong> and accounting for<\/strong> mean, respectively,<\/p>\n Nos fragmentos “A energia Solar est\u00e1 avan\u00e7ando nos mercados de energia globais, uma vez que se torna a fonte mais econ\u00f4mica de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade em muitos lugares, incluindo China e \u00cdndia”, (linhas 34-37) e “com a \u00cdndia sendo a respons\u00e1vel por quase um ter\u00e7o do crescimento global at\u00e9 2040” (linhas 66-67) avan\u00e7ando<\/strong> e sendo a respons\u00e1vel por <\/strong>significam, respectivamente,<\/p>\n (A) rapidly declining \u2013 amounting to<\/p>\n reduzindo rapidamente – totalizando<\/p>\n (B) dramatically falling \u2013 adding up to<\/p>\n caindo dramaticamente – somando<\/p>\n (C) rising steeply \u2013 being blamed for<\/p>\n subindo abruptamente – sendo culpado por<\/p>\n (D) slowing down \u2013 being responsible for<\/p>\n desacelerando – sendo respons\u00e1vel por<\/p>\n (E) progressing steadily \u2013 being the reason for<\/p>\n progredindo constantemente – sendo a causa para<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>O phrasal verb<\/em> \u201cforging ahead\u201d<\/em> (avan\u00e7ar, seguir em frente) significa um progresso constante\/cont\u00ednuo (progressing steadily). O phrasal verb<\/em> \u201caccounting for\u201d<\/em> (prestar contas; ser respons\u00e1vel por algo; considerar) significa ser a causa\/motivo para algo. O candidato poderia ficar em d\u00favida com rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 alternativa D, mas o \u201cslowing down\u201d <\/em>como suposto sin\u00f4nimo de \u201cforging ahead\u201d<\/em> eliminou essa hip\u00f3tese.<\/p>\n Gabarito: E<\/p>\n \n \n 16 <\/strong><\/p>\n All the boldfaced<\/strong> verb phrases express a future action, EXCEPT<\/strong> in<\/p>\n Todas as frases verbais em negrito<\/strong> expressam uma a\u00e7\u00e3o futura, EXCETO<\/strong> em<\/p>\n (A) \u201cThe resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing electrification are changing<\/strong> the face of the global energy system\u201d (lines 1-4)<\/p>\n “O ressurgimento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s dos Estados Unidos, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o profunda no custo das energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a crescente eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o mudando<\/strong> a cara do sistema energ\u00e9tico global” (linhas 1-4)<\/p>\n (B) \u201cthe world\u2019s growing energy needs are met<\/strong> first by renewables and natural gas as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation\u201d (lines 9-12)<\/p>\n “as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas<\/strong> primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova” (linhas 9-12)<\/p>\n (C) \u201cWEO-2017 (\u2026) finds that over the next two decades the global energy system is being reshaped<\/strong> by four major forces\u201d (lines 20-23)<\/p>\n “WEO-2017 (…) considera que, nas pr\u00f3ximas duas d\u00e9cadas, o sistema energ\u00e9tico global est\u00e1 sendo reformulado<\/strong> por quatro for\u00e7as principais ” (linhas 20-23)<\/p>\n (D) \u201cmeanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes<\/strong> the leading source of electricity soon after 2030\u201d (lines 31-33)<\/p>\n “Enquanto isso na Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, o vento se torna<\/strong> a principal fonte de eletricidade logo ap\u00f3s 2030″ (linhas 31-33)<\/p>\n (E) \u201cthe United States is projected to become<\/strong> the world\u2019s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.\u201d (lines 71-73)<\/p>\n “os Estados Unidos dever\u00e3o se tornar<\/strong> o maior exportador de GNL do mundo e um exportador de petr\u00f3leo l\u00edquido at\u00e9 o final dessa d\u00e9cada” (linhas 71-73).<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios:<\/strong><\/p>\n Letra A \u2013 Certa. Observe que o tempo verbal do verbo \u201cto change\u201d \u00e9 o present continuous (are changing), que descreve a\u00e7\u00f5es que est\u00e3o ocorrendo no momento em que o interlocutor fala.\u00a0Assim, esta \u00e9 a alternativa correta, pois \u00e9 a \u00fanica alternativa que n\u00e3o expressa a\u00e7\u00e3o futura.<\/p>\n The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing electrification are changing<\/u><\/strong> the face of the global energy system and upending traditional ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation. <\/em><\/p>\n O ressurgimento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s dos Estados Unidos, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o profunda no custo das energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a crescente eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o mudando<\/u><\/strong> a cara do sistema energ\u00e9tico global e levantando as formas tradicionais de atender \u00e0 demanda de energia, de acordo com o Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017. Uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia mais limpa e diversificada na China \u00e9 outro importante impulsionador dessa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n \n Letra B \u2013 Errada. Observe que, apesar da conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o verbal no present simple <\/em>da voz passiva (are met),<\/em> a express\u00e3o \u201c<\/em>Over the next 25 years\u201d <\/em>(Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos) indica que a a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 futura.<\/p>\n Over the next 25 years<\/u><\/em><\/strong>, the world\u2019s growing energy needs are met<\/u><\/strong> first by renewables and natural gas, as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 \u2014 but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency improvements. The boom years for coal are over \u2014 in the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) \u2014 and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even as electric-car sales rise steeply. <\/em><\/p>\n Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos<\/u><\/strong>, as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas<\/u><\/strong> primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova. A demanda global de energia \u00e9 30% maior em 2040 – mas ainda metade do que teria sido sem melhorias de efici\u00eancia. Os anos de auge para o carv\u00e3o acabaram – na aus\u00eancia de captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono em grange escala (CCUS) – e a crescente procura de petr\u00f3leo diminui, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 revertida antes de 2040, mesmo quando as vendas de carros el\u00e9tricos aumentam abruptamente.<\/p>\n \n Letra C \u2013 Errada. Da mesma forma, veja que nesta frase, apesar do uso do verbo no present continuous<\/em> da voz passiva (is being reshaped),<\/em> a express\u00e3o \u201c<\/em>over the next two decades\u201d<\/em> sinaliza que a a\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 futura.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency (IEA)\u2019s flagship publication, finds that over the next two decades<\/u><\/strong> the global energy system is being reshaped<\/u><\/strong> by four major forces: the United States is set to become the undisputed global oil and gas leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks to falling costs; the share of electricity in the energy mix is growing; and China\u2019s new economic strategy takes it on a cleaner growth mode, with implications for global energy markets. <\/em><\/p>\n WEO-2017, a publica\u00e7\u00e3o principal da Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia (AIE), considera que, nas pr\u00f3ximas duas d\u00e9cadas<\/u><\/strong>, o sistema energ\u00e9tico global est\u00e1 sendo reformulado<\/u><\/strong> por quatro for\u00e7as principais: os Estados Unidos devem se tornar o l\u00edder mundial incontest\u00e1vel de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s; as energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200best\u00e3o sendo implantadas rapidamente gra\u00e7as \u00e0 queda de custos; a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da eletricidade na combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia est\u00e1 crescendo; e a nova estrat\u00e9gia econ\u00f4mica da China leva a um modo de crescimento mais limpo, com implica\u00e7\u00f5es para os mercados globais de energia.<\/p>\n \n Letra D \u2013 Errada. Nesta frase tamb\u00e9m apresenta o verbo no presente, mas a express\u00e3o \u201csoon after 2030\u201d<\/em> (logo ap\u00f3s 2030) indica um evento futuro.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the European Union, wind becomes<\/u><\/strong> the leading source of electricity soon after 2030<\/u><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n O PV solar est\u00e1 configurado para liderar as adi\u00e7\u00f5es de capacidade, promovido pela implanta\u00e7\u00e3o na China e na \u00cdndia, enquanto isso na Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, o vento se torna<\/u><\/strong> a principal fonte de eletricidade logo ap\u00f3s 2030<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n \n Letra E \u2013 Errada. Esta frase tamb\u00e9m se refere a uma a\u00e7\u00e3o futura, em meados da d\u00e9cada de 2020 (By the mid-2020s).<\/em><\/p>\n The shale oil and gas revolution in the United States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective way. By the mid-2020s<\/u><\/strong>, the United States is projected to become<\/u><\/strong> the world\u2019s largest LNG exporter and a net oil exporter by the end of that decade.<\/em><\/p>\n A revolu\u00e7\u00e3o do petr\u00f3leo de xisto e g\u00e1s nos Estados Unidos continua gra\u00e7as \u00e0 not\u00e1vel habilidade dos produtores de liberar novos recursos de forma rent\u00e1vel. Em meados da d\u00e9cada de 2020<\/u><\/strong>, os Estados Unidos est\u00e1 projetado para se tornar<\/u><\/strong> o maior exportador de GNL do mundo e um exportador de petr\u00f3leo l\u00edquido at\u00e9 o final dessa d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n Gabarito: A<\/p>\n \n \n 17 <\/strong><\/p>\n In the fragment \u201cStill, this is far from enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change\u201d (lines 93-94), Still<\/strong> can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by<\/p>\n No fragmento “Ainda assim, isso \u00e9 longe de ser suficiente para evitar impactos severos da mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica” (linhas 93-94), ainda assim<\/strong> pode ser substitu\u00eddo, sem alterar o significado da frase, por<\/p>\n (A) Therefore<\/p>\n Portanto<\/p>\n (B) Furthermore<\/p>\n Al\u00e9m disso<\/p>\n (C) Nevertheless<\/p>\n No entanto<\/p>\n (D) In other words<\/p>\n Em outras palavras<\/p>\n (E) Because of that<\/p>\n Por causa disso<\/p>\n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>O adv\u00e9rbio \u201cstill\u201d<\/em> (ainda assim) indica uma oposi\u00e7\u00e3o\/contraste e pode ser substitu\u00eddo, sem altera\u00e7\u00e3o de sentido, por \u201c<\/em>nevertheless\u201d<\/em> (no entanto; entretanto; todavia; apesar disso).<\/p>\n Gabarito: C<\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Text II <\/strong><\/p>\n Texto II<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Brazil joins IEA as an Association country,<\/strong><\/p>\n reshaping international energy governance<\/strong><\/p>\n O Brasil adere \u00e0 IEA como pa\u00eds Associado,<\/p>\n reformulando a governan\u00e7a internacional de energia<\/p>\n \n BRASILIA \u2013 The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and sustainable energy future with Latin America\u2019s largest country.<\/p>\n BRAS\u00cdLIA – A Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia e o Brasil anunciaram em conjunto hoje que o pa\u00eds aderiu \u00e0 AIE como um pa\u00eds Associado, abrindo novos caminhos para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um futuro energ\u00e9tico mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel com o maior pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n \u201cWith today\u2019s announcement of IEA Association, we are taking another important step to place Brazil at the centre of global debate on key energy policy issues including renewable energy, energy efficiency, rational use of fossil fuels, energy security and sustainable development,\u201d said Fernando Coelho Filho, Minister of Mines and Energy.<\/p>\n \u201cCom o an\u00fancio de hoje da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o IEA, estamos dando mais um passo importante para posicionar o Brasil no centro do debate global sobre quest\u00f5es de pol\u00edtica energ\u00e9tica, incluindo energia renov\u00e1vel, efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica, uso racional de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, seguran\u00e7a energ\u00e9tica e desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel\u201d, disse Fernando Coelho Filho, Ministro de Minas e Energia.<\/p>\n Brazil\u2019s leading expertise in bioenergy, hydro and other forms of clean and conventional energy is recognized around the world, and provides an excellent basis to develop solutions for global energy challenges. The country\u2019s experience in managing renewable resources in its energy mix can contribute greatly to IEA discussions on a broadened concept of energy security. Brazil has also pioneered the use of auctions for long-term contracts for renewable energy, a model that is now successfully applied as best-practice world-wide.<\/p>\n A principal especializa\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil em bioenergia, energia hidr\u00e1ulica e outras formas de energia limpa e convencional \u00e9 reconhecida em todo o mundo e fornece uma excelente base para o desenvolvimento de solu\u00e7\u00f5es para desafios energ\u00e9ticos globais. A experi\u00eancia do pa\u00eds na gest\u00e3o de recursos renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bem sua combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia pode contribuir muito para as discuss\u00f5es da IEA sobre um conceito mais amplo de seguran\u00e7a energ\u00e9tica. O Brasil tamb\u00e9m foi pioneiro no uso de leil\u00f5es para contratos de longo prazo para energia renov\u00e1vel, um modelo que agora \u00e9 aplicado com sucesso como a melhor pr\u00e1tica mundial.<\/p>\n Brazil and the IEA plan to work jointly across a wide range of energy-related activities. These include implemention of The Biofuture Platform, which aims to promote international coordination on advanced low carbon fuels. The IEA will also support the development of Brazil\u2019s ten-year energy efficiency plan and co-host an energy efficiency training event in Brazil to share regional and global experiences.<\/p>\n O Brasil e a IEA planejam trabalhar em conjunto em uma ampla gama de atividades relacionadas \u00e0 energia. Essas incluem a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da Plataforma Biofuture, que visa promover a coordena\u00e7\u00e3o internacional em combust\u00edveis de baixo carbono avan\u00e7ados. A AIE tamb\u00e9m apoiar\u00e1 o desenvolvimento do plano de dez anos de efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica do Brasil e co-hospedar\u00e1 um evento de treinamento em efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica no Brasil para compartilhar experi\u00eancias regionais e globais.<\/p>\n \u201cBrazil\u2019s experience shows that policies do matter,\u201d said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA\u2019s Executive Director. \u201cIts determined and ambitious long-term energy policies, developing deep-water oil resources and expanding biofuels output, set an example to countries around the world. As a result, our latest data shows that Brazil will become a net oil exporter this year, the first major consumer in recent history to ever achieve such a turnaround.\u201d<\/p>\n “A experi\u00eancia do Brasil demonstra que as pol\u00edticas s\u00e3o importantes sim”, disse o Dr. Fatih Birol, diretor executivo da AIE. \u201cSuas pol\u00edticas energ\u00e9ticas de longo prazo determinadas e ambiciosas, desenvolvendo recursos petrol\u00edferos em \u00e1guas profundas e expandindo a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biocombust\u00edveis, s\u00e3o um exemplo para os pa\u00edses ao redor do mundo. Como resultado, nossos dados mais recentes mostram que o Brasil se tornar\u00e1 um exportador l\u00edquido de petr\u00f3leo este ano, o primeiro grande consumidor na hist\u00f3ria recente a realizar essa reviravolta\u201d.<\/p>\n Dr Birol also congratulated Brazil for its recent successful deepwater bid round. After depending on oil imports since IEA records began in the 1970s, the IEA now finds that Brazil will become a net exporter this year, and exporting nearly one million barrels of oil per day to world markets by 2022. This is the result of a 50% increase in oil production in the past decade thanks to a successful push into deep-water production, and a biofuels programme that has helped keep domestic oil-demand growth under control.<\/p>\n O Dr. Birol tamb\u00e9m parabenizou o Brasil por sua recente e bem-sucedida rodada de licita\u00e7\u00f5es em \u00e1guas profundas. Depois de depender das importa\u00e7\u00f5es de petr\u00f3leo desde que os registros da IEA come\u00e7aram na d\u00e9cada de 1970, a AIE agora acha que o Brasil se tornar\u00e1 um exportador l\u00edquido este ano e exportar\u00e1 quase um milh\u00e3o de barris de petr\u00f3leo por dia para os mercados mundiais at\u00e9 2022. Esse \u00e9 o resultado de 50% de aumento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo na \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, gra\u00e7as a um impulso bem-sucedido na produ\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00e1guas profundas e a um programa de biocombust\u00edveis que ajudou a manter o crescimento da demanda dom\u00e9stica por petr\u00f3leo sob controle.<\/p>\n With Brazil, the IEA family now accounts for over 70% of the world\u2019s total energy consumption, compared with less than 40% just two years ago. The seven IEA Association countries are Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Singapore and Thailand. The agreement will allow the IEA to benefit from Brazil\u2019s unique experience, which has enabled it to develop one of the cleanest energy mixes in the world. Thanks to its expertise in global energy market and policy analysis, the IEA can support Brazil\u2019s efforts and collaborate in its energy transition.<\/p>\n Com o Brasil, a fam\u00edlia da AIE responde agora por mais de 70% do consumo total de energia do mundo, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com menos de 40% apenas h\u00e1 dois anos atr\u00e1s. Os sete pa\u00edses da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o da IEA s\u00e3o Brasil, China, \u00cdndia, Indon\u00e9sia, Marrocos, Cingapura e Tail\u00e2ndia. O acordo permitir\u00e1 que a IEA se beneficie da experi\u00eancia \u00fanica do Brasil, o que lhe permitiu desenvolver uma das combina\u00e7\u00f5es energ\u00e9ticas mais limpas do mundo. Gra\u00e7as \u00e0 sua experi\u00eancia no mercado global de energia e an\u00e1lise de pol\u00edticas, a IEA pode apoiar os esfor\u00e7os do Brasil e colaborar em sua transi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n Available at: <https:\/\/www.iea.org\/newsroom\/news\/2017\/october\/brazil-joins-iea-as-an-association-country-reshaping-international-energy-govern.html>.Retrieved on: 31Oct. 2017. Adapted.<\/p>\n \n 18 <\/strong><\/p>\n The main intention of Text II is to discuss the Brazilian<\/p>\n A inten\u00e7\u00e3o principal do Texto II \u00e9 discutir o<\/p>\n (A) joint effort with the IEA in order to implement The Biofuture Platform in the near future.<\/p>\n esfor\u00e7o conjunto brasileiro com a AIE para implementar a Plataforma Biofuture no futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n (B) leading expertise in conventional energy and experience in managing renewable resources.<\/p>\n a lideran\u00e7a da expecializa\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira em energia convencional e experi\u00eancia na gest\u00e3o de recursos renov\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n (C) association with the IEA to replicate the use of auctions for renewable energies worldwide.<\/p>\n a associa\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira com a AIE para replicar o uso de leil\u00f5es para energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bem todo o mundo.<\/p>\n (D) strategic partnership with the IEA in the field of energy aiming at a safer and sustainable future.<\/p>\n a parceria estrat\u00e9gica brasileira com a IEA no campo da energia visando um futuro mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n (E) ten-year energy efficiency plan and the sharing of its regional and global experiences with Latin American countries.<\/p>\n um plano brasileiro de dez anos de efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica e o compartilhamento de suas experi\u00eancias regionais e globais com os pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>Para esse tipo de quest\u00e3o que solicita o objetivo principal do texto, normalmente a resposta j\u00e1 est\u00e1 no t\u00edtulo e primeiro par\u00e1grafo. Veja que, neste caso, o t\u00edtulo \u201cBrazil joins IEA as an Association country, reshaping international energy governance\u201d<\/em> (O Brasil adere \u00e0 IEA como pa\u00eds Associado, reformulando a governan\u00e7a internacional de energia) e primeiro par\u00e1grafo indicam que a inten\u00e7\u00e3o principal do texto o debate da parceria estrat\u00e9gica brasileira com a IEA no campo da energia visando um futuro mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n \n BRASILIA \u2013 The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and sustainable energy future<\/u><\/strong> with Latin America\u2019s largest country. <\/em><\/p>\n BRAS\u00cdLIA – A Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia e o Brasil anunciaram em conjunto hoje que o pa\u00eds aderiu \u00e0 AIE como um pa\u00eds Associado, abrindo novos caminhos para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um futuro energ\u00e9tico mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel<\/u><\/strong> com o maior pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n Gabarito: D<\/p>\n \n \n 19 <\/strong><\/p>\n Dr. Fatih Birol affirms that \u201cBrazil\u2019s experience shows that policies do matter\u201d (lines 33-34) because, due to its long-term energy policies, the country<\/p>\n O Dr. Fatih Birol afirma que \u201ca experi\u00eancia do Brasil demonstra que as pol\u00edticas importam sim\u201d (linhas 33-34) porque, devido \u00e0s suas pol\u00edticas energ\u00e9ticas de longo prazo, o pa\u00eds<\/p>\n (A) was about to change its position from a major oil consumer into that of a net oil exporter.<\/p>\n estava prestes a mudar sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o de um grande consumidor de petr\u00f3leo para o de um exportador l\u00edquido de petr\u00f3leo.<\/p>\n (B) could dramatically increase oil exports to nearly one million barrels per day to world markets.<\/p>\n poderia aumentar drasticamente as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de petr\u00f3leo para quase um milh\u00e3o de barris por dia para os mercados mundiais.<\/p>\n (C) was able to expand its deep-water oil resources and restrict biofuels output in the recent years.<\/p>\n foi capaz de expandir seus recursos de petr\u00f3leo em \u00e1guas profundas e restringir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biocombust\u00edveis nos \u00faltimos anos.<\/p>\n (D) implemented a rewarding biofuels programme that helped reduce national oil-demand growth.<\/p>\n implementou um programa recompensador de biocombust\u00edveis que ajudou a reduzir o crescimento da demanda nacional de petr\u00f3leo.<\/p>\n (E) succeeded in doubling its oil production in the last few years as the result of an outstanding increase in deep-water production.<\/p>\n conseguiu dobrar a sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo nos \u00faltimos anos como resultado de um not\u00e1vel aumento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00e1guas profundas.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong>De acordo com o texto, o Brasil se tornaria um exportador l\u00edquido de petr\u00f3leo naquele ano, o primeiro grande consumidor na hist\u00f3ria recente a realizar essa reviravolta, ou seja, o pa\u00eds estava prestes a mudar sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o de um grande consumidor de petr\u00f3leo para o de um exportador l\u00edquido de petr\u00f3leo.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBrazil\u2019s experience shows that policies do matter,\u201d said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA\u2019s Executive Director. \u201cIts determined and ambitious long-term energy policies, developing deep-water oil resources and expanding biofuels output, set an example to countries around the world. As a result, our latest data shows that Brazil will become a net oil exporter this year, the first major consumer in recent history to ever achieve such a turnaround<\/u><\/strong>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n “A experi\u00eancia do Brasil demonstra que as pol\u00edticas s\u00e3o importantes sim”, disse o Dr. Fatih Birol, diretor executivo da AIE. \u201cSuas pol\u00edticas energ\u00e9ticas de longo prazo determinadas e ambiciosas, desenvolvendo recursos petrol\u00edferos em \u00e1guas profundas e expandindo a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biocombust\u00edveis, s\u00e3o um exemplo para os pa\u00edses ao redor do mundo. Como resultado, nossos dados mais recentes mostram que o Brasil se tornar\u00e1 um exportador l\u00edquido de petr\u00f3leo este ano, o primeiro grande consumidor na hist\u00f3ria recente a realizar essa reviravolta<\/u><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n Gabarito: A<\/p>\n \n \n 20 <\/strong><\/p>\n Comparing Texts I and II, one concludes that<\/p>\n Comparando os Textos I e II, conclui-se que<\/p>\n (A) only Text I mentions a country that is well-known for its clean energy mix.<\/p>\n apenas Text I menciona um pa\u00eds que \u00e9 bem conhecido por sua combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia limpa.<\/p>\n (B) only Text II discusses what the global energy system will look like in the near future.<\/p>\n apenas o Texto II discute como ser\u00e1 o sistema de energia global no futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n (C) neither Text I nor Text II expresses concern with the future of oil production and demand in the next decades.<\/p>\n nem o Texto I tampouco o Texto II expressam preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o com o futuro da produ\u00e7\u00e3o e demanda de petr\u00f3leo nas pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n (D) both Text I and Text II list all the IEA association countries and discuss how they can benefit from this cooperation.<\/p>\n tanto o Texto I como o Texto II listam todos os pa\u00edses associados da IEA e discutem como eles podem se beneficiar dessa coopera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n (E) both Text I and Text II mention the importance of renewable resources and clean energy technologies as a means of meeting energy demand.<\/p>\n tanto o Texto I como o Texto II mencionam a import\u00e2ncia dos recursos renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be das tecnologias de energia limpa como meio de satisfazer a demanda de energia.<\/p>\n \n Coment\u00e1rios: <\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Observe que o texto I j\u00e1 inicia mencionando sobre a mudan\u00e7a do sistema energ\u00e9tico global e afirmando que as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova.<\/p>\n \n Texto I<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The resurgence in oil and gas production from the United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables and growing electrification are changing the face of the global energy system<\/u><\/strong> and upending traditional ways of meeting energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more diversified energy mix in China is another major driver of this transformation. <\/u><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n O ressurgimento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s dos Estados Unidos, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o profunda no custo das energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be a crescente eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o mudando a cara do sistema energ\u00e9tico global<\/u><\/strong> e levantando as formas tradicionais de atender \u00e0 demanda de energia, de acordo com o Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017. Uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de energia mais limpa e diversificada na China \u00e9 outro importante impulsionador dessa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Over the next 25 years, the world\u2019s growing energy needs are met first by renewables and natural gas,<\/u><\/em><\/strong> as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 \u2014 but still half as much as it would have been without efficiency improvements. The boom years for coal are over \u2014 in the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) \u2014 and rising oil demand slows down but is not reversed before 2040 even as electric-car sales rise steeply. <\/em><\/p>\n Nos pr\u00f3ximos 25 anos, as necessidades energ\u00e9ticas mundiais crescentes s\u00e3o atendidas primeiro por energias renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be g\u00e1s natural<\/u><\/strong>, j\u00e1 que os custos em decl\u00ednio r\u00e1pido tornam a energia solar a fonte mais barata de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade nova. A demanda global de energia \u00e9 30% maior em 2040 – mas ainda metade do que teria sido sem melhorias de efici\u00eancia. Os anos de auge para o carv\u00e3o acabaram – na aus\u00eancia de captura, utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono em grange escala (CCUS) – e a crescente procura de petr\u00f3leo diminui, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 revertida antes de 2040, mesmo quando as vendas de carros el\u00e9tricos aumentam abruptamente.<\/p>\n O texto II tamb\u00e9m inicia tratando sobre a ades\u00e3o do Brasil \u00e0 AIE, abrindo novos caminhos para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um futuro energ\u00e9tico mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel com o maior pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n \n Texto II<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em>BRASILIA \u2013 The International Energy Agency and Brazil jointly announced today that the country joined the IEA as an Association country, opening new avenues for cooperation towards a more secure and sustainable energy future with Latin America\u2019s largest country.<\/u><\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n BRAS\u00cdLIA – A Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia e o Brasil anunciaram em conjunto hoje que o pa\u00eds aderiu \u00e0 AIE como um pa\u00eds Associado, abrindo novos caminhos para a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um futuro energ\u00e9tico mais seguro e sustent\u00e1vel com o maior pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n Assim, ambos os textos mencionam a import\u00e2ncia dos recursos renov\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be das tecnologias de energia limpa como meio de satisfazer a demanda de energia.<\/p>\n Gabarito: E<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ol\u00e1 pessoal! Tudo bem? Segue a prova comentada de Ingl\u00eas da PETROBR\u00c1S realizada no \u00faltimo domingo (18\/03\/18). Em princ\u00edpio, n\u00e3o visualizamos nenhuma possibilidade de recursos. Um grande abra\u00e7o a todos! Prof. Marina Marcondes \u00a0 L\u00cdNGUA INGLESA Text I A world in transformation:\u00a0World Energy Outlook 2017 Um mundo em transforma\u00e7\u00e3o: Panorama de Energia Mundial 2017 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"post_tipo":"article","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"tax_estado":[],"class_list":["post-112750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cursos-e-concursos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n